微量稀土Er对Al-5Mg合金组织与性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法,制备含不同量稀土元素Er的Al-5Mg合金。利用拉伸力学性能测试、OM、XRD、SEM、TEM及EDS分析等分析测试手段,研究微量Er对Al-5Mg合金微观组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:Er可以明显提高Al-5Mg合金的强度,添加0.4%Er(质量分数)的Al-5Mg合金的冷轧态屈服强度(σ0.2)提高了81MPa,而延伸率变化不大;Er的加入还能减少Al-5Mg合金的枝晶偏析,并可显著细化合金的晶粒组织;Er对晶粒的细化机理与其添加量有关,当Er含量较低时,符合传统的稀土细化机理;当Er含量较高时,由于在熔体中形成了初生Al3Er质点,在结晶形核时可以作为非均质形核核心,从而可显著细化晶粒组织;Er对合金的强化效应主要来自于晶粒细化及在晶内形成的细小二次Al3Er质点。根据实验结果可知,添加0.4%Er可使合金具有较为优异的综合性能。     

Internal oxidation thermodynamics and microstructures of Ag-Y alloy

The thermodynamic data of pure Ag and Y were calculated. The phase constitution, composition of micro-region and microstructures of Ag-Y alloy after internal oxidation were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), energy dispersion spectrometry(EDS) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results show that the internal oxidation behavior of Ag-Y alloy is feasible from the view of thermodynamics. The upper limit of oxygen partial pressure of Ag-Y alloy oxidation is a function of temperature. Two phases (Ag and Y2O3) appear in Ag-Y alloy after the internal oxidation. The surface of Ag-Y alloy is convex because of the volume expansion of oxide in the alloy and the composition of the convex part is Ag. In Ag-Y2O3 sintered bulk Y2O3 particles are distributed inhomogeneously and conglomerated seriously, but they are dispersed uniformly in the Ag matrix after severe plastic deformation.     

a-C:F:H薄膜的化学键结构

使用CF4和CH4为源气体,利用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积法,制备了a-C:F:H薄膜样品.采用拉曼光谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对薄膜的结构进行了测试和分析.研究发现:该膜呈空间网状结构,膜内碳与氟、氢的结合主要以sp3形式存在,而sp2形式的含量相对较少;在薄膜内主要含有C-Fx(x=1,2,3)、C-C、C-H2、C-H3等以及不饱和C=C化学键;同时,薄膜中C-C-F键的含量比C-C-F2键的含量要高.在不同功率下沉积的薄膜,其化学键结构明显不同.     

稀土镁合金铸造和挤压态组织及力学性能研究

制备了3种不同成分的镁-稀土合金,研究稀土(RE)元素铈(Ce)、钕(Nd)和钇(Y)对镁合金铸态组织、力学性能尤其是高温力学性能的影响.采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)仪等对3种镁-稀土合金组织及相组成进行了分析.稀土元素与镁形成的镁-稀土相分别为Mg12Ce、Mg17Ce2、Mg12Nd、Mg24Y5、Mg41Nd5,主要分布在铸态组织晶界.对3种合金的铸态试样进行了室温力学性能及高温力学性能试验,并与挤压态比较,结果显示:在镁合金中,Nd的强化作用优于Ce,在高温时,Nd和Y共同强化作用优于Nd.     

微量Zr对Al-5.8Cu-0.3Mn合金焊接接头组织与性能的影响

采用4047焊丝对Al-5．8Cu-0．3Mn铝合金进行熔化极惰性气体保护焊，利用金相显微镜、透射电镜、显微硬度等检测分析手段研究了Zr对Al-5．8Cu-0．3Mn母材及焊接接头的力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明，Al-5．8Cu-0．3Mn合金中添加适量Zr元素可使母材强度提高30MPa，焊接接头强度提高50MPa，同时，细化了母材的再结晶组织和焊缝组织。焊接接头的强度低于母材强度，焊缝区是合金的薄弱处，热影响区强度降低是θ‘相粒子受热粗化所致。     

Effect of Zr content on quench sensitivity of AlZnMgCu alloys

The effect of Zr content on quench sensitivity of AlZnMgCu alloys was investigated by mechanical properties testing and microstructure observations. The results show that with the increase of Zr the quench sensitivity relative to hardness and strength increases, while that relative to elongation decreases. From hardness and strength viewpoints, the low quench sensitivity is observed for the Zr-free and 0.05% Zr-containing alloys, which is quite quench sensitive from the ductility viewpoint. The largest quench sensitivity relative to hardness and strength is observed for 0.1% Zr-containing alloy, this is mainly due to large amount of high angle grain boundaries and incoherent Al3Zr dispersoids caused by recrystallization, which may efficiently promote heterogeneous precipitation during air quenching. More than 0.05% Zr can significantly decrease the quench sensitivity relative to ductility, which can be primarily attributed to recrystallization inhibiting and grain refining effects of Zr.     

微量元素对1050铝基PS版电蚀性能的影响

研究了Mg、Mn含量对PS版电蚀性能的影响。利用电化学测试仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪检测分析了不同Mg、Mn含量的PS版电解腐蚀速率和腐蚀均匀性的差异。分析表明,Mg含量从0.001%提高到0.10%时,Mg更多地富集于铝板表面,形成微小的易腐蚀的含Mg复合氧化物颗粒,促进腐蚀,进而提高板基的腐蚀速率;Mn含量的增加能提高Mg元素在板基表面的分布均匀性,减少Fe元素在铝板表面的富集,降低Fe对腐蚀均匀性的危害。     

含钪与不含钪铝镁钪合金焊接接头的组织与性能

分别采用Al-Mg-Zr和Al-Mg-Zr-Sc合金焊丝为填充材料,对2 mm厚的Al-Mg-Sc合金薄板进行惰性气体保护焊接,然后对两种焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行对比研究。结果表明:采用两种焊丝焊接的Al-Mg-Sc合金薄板的焊接接头强度系数均大于0.9。但采用Al-Mg-Zr-Sc合金焊丝为填充材料时,焊缝晶粒组织明显细化,熔合区形成的细小等轴晶层提高了基材与焊缝填充材料的结合力,焊接接头的屈服强度比采用Al-Mg-Zr合金焊丝为填充材料时提高了100 MPa,显著提高了Al-Mg-Sc合金焊接构件的许用强度,因此焊接Al-Mg-Sc板材更宜采用Al-Mg-Sc-Zr焊丝。     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of LiMn1.95M0.05O4 （M=Cr, Ni）

The preparation process and electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 and LiMnl.95M0.05O4 （M = Cr, Ni） were studied. The results show that the decomposition temperature range of xerogel prepared with lithium acetate and manganese acetate as raw rnaterials is large and the decomposition speed is slow. Oxygen consumed is apt to get a prompt supplement during the preparation of LiMn2O4, and carbonization of the organic matter can be reduced or avoided, which is favorable to the combination of lithium and manganese. Using lithium acetate, manganese acetate, chromium nitrate, and nickel nitrate as raw materials and adopting the citric acid complexing method, it has been found that the prepared powders have high purity, high quality stability, and even doping characters. With the increase of sintering temperature, the particle size and crystal lattice constant of LiMn1.95M0.05O4 （M = Cr, Ni） enhance. However, the purity of the product is relatively high and has no obvious change, which is advantageous to the control of the quality of LiMn1.95M0.0504 （M = Cr, Ni）. Doping with a small amount of Cr3. and Ni^2＋ can stabilize the spinel structure of LiMn2O4, suppress the Jahn-Teller effect, and improve the cycling properties but reduce the initial capacity.     

Induction plasma spheroidization of tungsten and molybdenum powders

The melting, evaporation and oxidation behaviors as well as the solidification phenomena of tungsten and molybdenum in induction plasma were studied. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology and the cross section of plasma-processed powders. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the oxides formed on the particle surface of these two metals. The influence of spray chamber pressure on the spheroidization and oxidation phenomena was discussed. The results show that fewer Mo particles than W particles are spheroidized at the same powder feed rate under the same plasma spray condition although molybdenum has a lower melting point. A small fraction of tungsten is evaporized and condensed either on the surface of tungsten particles nearby or on the wall of spray chamber. Tungsten oxides were found in tungsten powder processed under soft vacuum condition. Extremely large grains form inside some spheroidized particles of tungsten powder.